ϰϲ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɥɢɰɚɦ ɦɟɫɬɚɦ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɩɭɫɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜɢɞɭ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɢɞɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ɢɯ
ɜɵɛɵɬɢɹ
ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɵɬɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ
Ʉ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦ ɜ ȽȻɍ Ɋɋ ə ©ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ ɫ ȼɂɅ
ɑɭɪɚɩɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɥɭɫɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚª ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɈɄɈɎ
ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ
ɍɱɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɟ ©Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɚɩɚɫɵª ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ
©Ɇɟɞɢɤɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚª
©ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹª
©Ƚɨɪɸɱɟ
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵª
ϰϳ
©ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵª
©Ɇɹɝɤɢɣ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɶª
©ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵª
©Ƚɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹª
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɩɨ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɦɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɚɦɢ
ɋɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɜ ȽȻɍ Ɋɋ ə ©ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ ɫ ȼɂɅ ɑɭɪɚɩɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɥɭɫɚ
ɪɚɣɨɧɚª ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ
ǶșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘșȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȗȖ țȟȍȚț
ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȈșȈȔȐ
Ȋ ǫǩǻ Ǹǹ ȇ ©ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȍȘȐȕȈȘȐȐ ș Ǫǰdz
ǿțȘȈȗȟȐȕșȒȖȋȖ țȓțșȈ ȘȈȑȖȕȈª
ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ
ǬȍȉȍȚ
DzȘȍȌȐȚ
ǷȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȕțȎȌ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȔ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȑ ȜȐȓȐȈȓȈȔȐ
ǶȗȘȐȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
Ȋ șțȔȔȍ Ȑȝ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȐ
șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȐ
ǩȍȏȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȕȖȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ȗȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ
țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ǸǼ
ɋɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ϰϴ
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ
ǶșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȒȐ ȗȖ șȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ǴǷǯ Ȋ ǫǩǻ Ǹǹ ȇ ©ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȊȍȚȍȘȐȕȈȘȐȐ ș Ǫǰdz ǿțȘȈȗȟȐȕșȒȖȋȖ țȓțșȈ ȘȈȑȖȕȈª
ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ
ǬȍȉȍȚ
DzȘȍȌȐȚ
ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȋ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȐ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȟȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ȗȖȌȘȧȌȟȐȒț Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȑȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ
Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ ȏȈȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȟȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈȔ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȐ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȕȣȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ș
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ
ȏȈȉȈȓȈȕșȖȊȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ ©ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈȔª
ǯȈȉȈȓȈȕșȖȊȣȑ
șȟȍȚ
ǪȣȉȣȚȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș
ȘȈȏțȒȖȔȗȓȍȒȚȈȞȐȍȑ
ǪȣȉȣȚȐȍ ȐȏȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȗȖȚȍȘȤ Ȋ ȖȉȢȍȔȍ
ȕȖȘȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ țȉȣȓȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖȌȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ ȐȕȊȍȕȚȈȘȧ
Ȑ ȗȖșțȌȣ
ǸȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȏȈ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ
ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ
ǪȣȉȣȚȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖȌȕȖșȚȤ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ
ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȕȖșȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȟȈȝ ȝȐȡȍȕȐȧȝ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȟȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȔ
țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȜȐȓȐȈȓȈȔȐ
ȖȘȋȈȕț ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț
ȔțȕȐȞȐȗȈȓȤȕȖȔț țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ
ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɱɟɬɚ
©Ɇɟɞɢɤɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹª
ϰϵ
©Ƚɨɪɸɱɟ
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɢɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹª
©ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɢɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹª
©Ɇɹɝɤɢɣ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɶ
ɢɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹª
©ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ
ɢɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹª
Ɉɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɯ
ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɩ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɬɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɢ ɈɈɈ ©ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ
Ɇɟɞª ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ
ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɪɭɛ ɇȾɋ ɪɭɛ
Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɥɚɬɚ
ɨɬ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɩɥɚɱɟɧɚ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɭɛ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɪɭɛ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɈɈɈ
©ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ
Ɇɟɞª ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ
Ɉɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɦ
ɭɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ
ǩțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘșȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȐșȐ Ȋ țȟȍȚȍ ȉȦȌȎȍȚȕȖȋȖ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖ ȖȗȘȐȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ
ǬȍȉȍȚ
DzȘȍȌȐȚ
ǶȗȐșȈȕȐȍ
ǹțȔȔȈ Șțȉ
ǷȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȖȗȓȈȚȈ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǶǶǶ ©ǹȚȈȕȌȈȘȚǴȍȌª
ǷȘȐȕȧȚ Ȓ ȊȣȟȍȚț ǵǬǹ ȖȚ
șțȔȔȣ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȈȕșȈ
ǶȗȘȐȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȣ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȍ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ
² ǵǬǹ
ǻȟȚȍȕ ȊȝȖȌȕȖȑ ǵǬǹ ȖȚ șțȔȔȣ
ȖȗȘȐȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ǵǬǹ ș ȈȊȈȕșȈ
ϱϬ
ǷȘȐȕȧȚ Ȓ ȊȣȟȍȚț
ȊȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ǵǬǹ
ǯȈȟȚȍȕȈ șțȔȔȈ ȗȘȍȌȖȗȓȈȚȣ
ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǶǶǶ
©ǹȚȈȕȌȈȘȚǴȍȌª
ǷȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȈ șțȔȔȈ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ ȏȈ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ ²
ȒȖȌ DzǶǹǫǻ
ǶȚȘȈȎȍȕȖ ȊȣȉȣȚȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊ șȖ
șȟȍȚȈ ȉȦȌȎȍȚȕȖȋȖ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ
ɝɨɞɚ ʋɧ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɨɪɸɱɟ
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɟ ©Ƚɨɪɸɱɟ
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵª
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɸ ©ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵª ɄɈɋȽɍ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɬɶɢ ©ɂɧɵɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚª ɢ
©ɂɧɵɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚª ɉɨ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɥɢɰɚɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ
ɜ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɡɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɚɯ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɬɶɹɦ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢª ɢ ©ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɥɭɝɢª
ɄɈɋȽɍ ɇɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɬɶɸ ©ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵª ɄɈɋȽɍ
ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɦ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ
ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ
ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ
ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɄɈɋȽɍ
ϱϭ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɟ ©Ⱦɨɯɨɞɵ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚª ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɨ ©ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɞɟɛɟɬ ɫɱɟɬɚ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɨɛɳɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ
ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɟɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɫɥɭɠɛɵ
Ȼɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩ
ɱ ɫɬ ɫɬ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ʋ
ɎɁ ɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɦɢ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɨɬ ʋɧ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
ʋ ɧ ɨɬ ʋɧ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ʋ ɧ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɭɸ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ȽȻɍ Ɋɋ ə ©ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ ɫ ȼɂɅ
ɑɭɪɚɩɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɥɭɫɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚª ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɜɟɪɨɤ
ϱϮ
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ
ɚɜɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ Ɋɋȼ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɞɚɱɟ
ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬ ɞɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɚɜɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɢ ɡɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ
ɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɂɎɇɋ ɞɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ Ɏɋɋ ɞɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɡɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ
ɨɬɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɇȾɎɅ
ɋɪɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɟɠɟɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɚɜɫɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɡɜɝɨɞ
ȿɫɥɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɭɸ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ
ɇȾɋ
ɟɠɟɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɜɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɞɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɋɪɨɤɢ ɫɞɚɱɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɂɎɇɋ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɦɢ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ƚɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ
ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ ɜ ɪɭɛɥɹɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ ɫɨɬɵɯ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɦɢ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɬɜ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɝɨɞɚ ʋɧ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ϱϯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ʉ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɊɎ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ
ɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ
ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɜɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɞɨɯɨɞɵ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɜɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɇȾɋ ɚɤɰɢɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɚɤɰɢɡɧɵɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ
ɭɱɟɬ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɇɄ ɊɎ
ɉɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɧ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ϱϰ
ɇɚɥɨɝ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɬɟɠ
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɇɚɥɨɝɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɲɥɢɧ ɜɡɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬ
ɧɟ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ
ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ
DzȓȈșșȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȕȈȓȖȋȖȊ
ǷȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ
ȕȈȓȖȋȖȊ
ǫȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȒȈ
ǹȗȖșȖȉ ȊȏȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȓȖȋȖȊ
ǷȘȧȔȣȍ
DzȖșȊȍȕȕȣȍ
ǷȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚț ȕȈȓȖȋȖȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ ȊȏȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ș ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ ȊȏȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ș ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ ȊȏȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȈȒ
ș ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȚȈȒ Ȑ
ș ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ
ǷȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚț ȕȈȓȖȋȖȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ țȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȍȔȣȍ ș ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ ȊȏȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ș ȊȣȘțȟȒȐ
ȖȚ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ ș ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȓȈȚȍȎȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȘȍșțȘșȣ
ǵȈȓȖȋȐ șȖ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȐ ȐșȒȖȊȣȝ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ
ǷȖ țȘȖȊȕȦ ȉȦȌȎȍȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȏȈȟȐșȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȓȖȋȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȍȎ
ǼȍȌȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ǸȍȋȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ǴȍșȚȕȣȍ
ǷȖ ȞȍȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȓȖȋȈ
ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ǾȍȓȍȊȣȍ
ɇɚɥɨɝɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɧɨɫɚ
ɛɟɡɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɩɥɚɬɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ ɧɟ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɤɚɤɢɯ
ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ >ɫ
@
ϱϱ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ ɭɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɭɱɟɬɧɚɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚª ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɬɶ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ
ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨª ɇȾɋ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ
ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɹɬ ɭɱɟɬ ɇȾɋ
ȼɚɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɭɦɦ ɇȾɋ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ
ɮɚɤɬɭɪ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ȼɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ
ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ
ɮɚɤɬɭɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɫɭɦɦ ɇȾɋ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬ
ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɱɟɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɚɬɶɧɚɛɭɦɚɝɟɢɥɢɩɨ
ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɫɜɹɡɢɌɄɋɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹɩɨ ɇȾɋɫɝɨɞɚ
ɫɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ
ɫɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɭ ɜ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɉɨ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɫɞɚɱɢɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬɤɲɬɪɚɮɭɜɪɭɛɥɟɣɫɬɇɄɊɎ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɩɥɚɬ ɢ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɨɤ
ɉɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɲɟɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ